Journal: European journal of immunology

Article Title: TNF-α and IL-1β sensitize human MSC for IFN-γ signaling and enhance neutrophil recruitment.

doi: 10.1002/eji.201948336

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIGURE 3. Inhibition of NF-kB, p38-MAPK or STAT5 blocks IL-8 release by MSC.

Article Snippet: For immunodetection the following antibodies were used: anti phospho-STAT1(Tyr701) (clone D4A7), STAT5 (total protein) (clone D3N2B), phosphoSTAT5 (Tyr694) (clone D47E7), p38-MAPK (p38α, β, or γ MAPK protein) (clone D13E1), phospho-p38-MAPK (Thr180/Tyr182) (clone D3F9), β-Actin (clone 13E5), Vinculin (clone E1E9V), NF-κB p65 (clone D14E12) and goat anti rabbit IgG HRP (all Cell Signalling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA).

Techniques: Inhibition

Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Article Title: Single-molecule imaging of the functional crosstalk between surface NMDA and dopamine D1 receptors

doi: 10.1073/pnas.1310145110

Figure Lengend Snippet: The D1R–NMDAR interaction bidirectionally regulates the surface distribution and dynamics of D1R and NMDAR. (A) Immunostaining of surface D1R-CFP (green) and GluN1 subunit (red) in hippocampal neurons. The yellow arrow shows overlay. (B) Immunostaining of surface D1R-CFP in control or after D1/5R agonist, TAT-t2, or TAT-[N2A15] application. (Scale bar, 250 nm.) (C) Normalized measures of D1R-CFP clusters intensity in control (n = 32 neuronal fields), D1/5R agonist-treated (n = 24 neuronal fields; *P < 0.05 compared with control), TAT-NSt2–treated (non-sense of TAT-t2, n = 19 neuronal fields), TAT-t2–treated (n = 21 neuronal fields; **P < 0.01 compared with TAT-NSt2), TAT-NSt3–treated (non-sense of TAT-t3, n = 11 neuronal fields), TAT-t3–treated (n = 12 neuronal fields; P > 0.05 compared with TAT-NSt3), TAT-[NS15]–treated (n = 27 neuronal fields; P > 0.05), or TAT-[N2A15]–treated (n = 21 neuronal fields, *P < 0.05 compared with TAT-[NS15]) conditions. (D) Representative trajectories (1,000 frames, 20-Hz acquisition rate) of surface single D1R-CFP (Left) (green) (scale bar, 400 nm) and GluN1-NMDAR (Right) (blue) (scale bar, 300 nm) in the absence and presence of either D1/5R agonist (10 µM, 15 min) or TAT-t2 (10 µM, 15 min). Bold dotted line, perisynaptic area; thin dotted line, PSD area. (E) Plot of the MSD of surface D1R-CFP (Upper) (green) and GluN1-NMDAR (Lower) (blue) versus time in presence of TAT-NS or TAT-t2 peptides (10 µM, 15 min). The SEM is included for each data point (D1R: TAT-NS, n = 986 trajectories, and TAT-t2, n = 1,326; GluN1-NMDAR: TAT-NS, n = 198, and TAT-t2, n = 134). (F and G) Representative surface distributions of single D1R-CFP (green) (F) and GluN1-NMDAR (blue) (G) in the synaptic area (PSD + perisynaptic area) in control, D1/5R agonist, and TAT-t2 conditions. Each dot represents the detection of a single receptor during a frame. Comparisons of the time spent in the synaptic area (dwell time) by single D1R-CFP (control, n = 173 trajectories; D1/5R agonist, n = 142, **P < 0.01; TAT-t2, n = 752, *P < 0.05) (F) and GluN1-NMDAR (control, n = 189 trajectories; D1/5R agonist, n = 157, *P < 0.05; TAT-t2, n = 134, **P < 0.01) (G) and the synaptic fraction of detected single D1R-CFP (control, n = 14 neuronal fields; D1/5R agonist, n = 19, **P < 0.01; D1/5R agonist in the presence of dynasore, n = 47, **P < 0.01; TAT-t2, n = 15, ***P < 0.001) (F), D5R-CFP (n = 16, P > 0.05) (F), and GluN1-NMDAR (control, n = 11; D1/5R agonist, n = 15, *P < 0.05; TAT-t2, n = 14, *P < 0.05) (G). Dyn., dynasore; D1/5 ago., D1/5 receptor agonist SKF-38393.

Article Snippet: For single-nanoparticle tracking, QD 655 coupled to goat anti-rabbit F(ab′) 2 or anti-mouse IgG (Invitrogen) was incubated (1:10,000, 10 min) onto neurons previously exposed for 10 min to either mouse monoclonal anti-GFP (1 µg; Invitrogen), rabbit polyclonal anti-D1R (1 µg; Lifespan Biosciences), mouse monoclonal anti-GluA2:00 AMPAR subunit (1 µg; Millipore), or rabbit polyclonal anti–GluN1-NMDAR subunit (1 µg; Alomone Laboratories) antibodies.

Techniques: Immunostaining

Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Article Title: Single-molecule imaging of the functional crosstalk between surface NMDA and dopamine D1 receptors

doi: 10.1073/pnas.1310145110

Figure Lengend Snippet: D1R activation or D1R/GluN1-NMDAR interaction blockade increases synaptic NMDAR content and favors AMPAR synaptic long-term potentiation. (A) (Left) Excitatory postsynaptic current traces recorded at −70 mV and +40 mV from a representative hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cell, before and 10 min after exposure to D1/5R agonist. (Right) Relative change over time of the AMPA/NMDA ratio at CA1 synapses in the absence or presence of D1/5R agonist (n = 13, *P < 0.05 10 min after agonist) and in the absence or presence of vehicle (n = 7, P > 0.05). (B) Surface imaging of GluN1-SEP in neurons incubated with either TAT-NS or TAT-t2 (10 µM). (Scale bar, 5 µm.) (Right) Average value of GluN1-SEP content in the synaptic area after TAT-NS or TAT-t2 application (n = 8 neurons per group, **P < 0.01). (C) Dendritic fragment of a hippocampal neuron expressing Homer 1c-DsRed (Upper) and GluA1-SEP (Lower). SEP only fluoresces at neutral pH when receptors are inserted at the plasma membrane. Ten minutes after chemical LTP induction (cLTP), the GluA1-SEP fluorescence intensity increased in postsynaptic clusters. (Insets) High magnification of a synaptic GluA1-SEP cluster. (Scale bar, 2 µm.) (D) Comparison of the synaptic GluA1-SEP fluorescence intensity before and after cLTP with prior TAT-NS (n = 198 synapses, *P < 0.05) or TAT-t2 (n = 215 synapses, *P < 0.05) (TAT-NS versus TAT-t2; *P < 0.05) application. (E) Schematic model of the D1R–NMDAR surface interplay in hippocampal neurons. D1Rs are highly diffusive at the neuronal surface and are dynamically retained in clusters in the vicinity of glutamate synapses where they interact with NMDAR. Dopamine release disrupts this interaction and favors the lateral redistribution of both receptors: D1Rs freely explore extrasynaptic areas, whereas NMDARs laterally reach the PSD where they impact on the long-term plasticity of glutamate synapses.

Article Snippet: For single-nanoparticle tracking, QD 655 coupled to goat anti-rabbit F(ab′) 2 or anti-mouse IgG (Invitrogen) was incubated (1:10,000, 10 min) onto neurons previously exposed for 10 min to either mouse monoclonal anti-GFP (1 µg; Invitrogen), rabbit polyclonal anti-D1R (1 µg; Lifespan Biosciences), mouse monoclonal anti-GluA2:00 AMPAR subunit (1 µg; Millipore), or rabbit polyclonal anti–GluN1-NMDAR subunit (1 µg; Alomone Laboratories) antibodies.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Imaging, Incubation, Expressing, Fluorescence